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March 18 Massacre
The March 18 Massacre was a massacre that took place on March 18, 1926 amid an anti-warlord and anti-imperialist demonstration in Beijing, Republic of China. The date, March 18, was referred to by the Chinese writer Lu Xun as the "darkest day in the history of the Republic of China".
==Background==
In November 1925, the Anti-Fengtian War broke out in northern China between the Soviet-backed Guominjun and the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique. By early 1926, the war was going badly for the Guominjun and, on March 8, they blockaded and mined Dagu harbor in defence of Tianjin. On March 12, a Japanese warship bombarded the Taku Forts in support of the Fengtian offensive, killing several Guominjun troops guarding the forts. In retaliation, Guominjun troops fired back and drove the warship out of the Tanggu harbor. The act was treated by Japan as a violation of the Boxer Protocol, signed in 1900 in the aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion. Four days later, ambassadors representing eight countries that were signatory nations to the Protocol sent an ultimatum to the Beiyang Government under Duan Qirui. The demand was that the Duan government should destroy all defense establishments on the Taku Forts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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